England Penny ND Aethelred II Last Small Cross, Winchester XF/AU

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England, Winchester. AR Penny, ND (undated, c. 1009–1016), Aethelred II (978–1016). Last Small Cross type. Moneyer Aelfwold. 1.23 g. XF/AU. Silver. Peck-marks. Catalog: Spink 1154; North 777.

Numismatic Insight: Aethelred II’s Winchester Last Small Cross Penny (Spink 1154 / North 777)

Overview: A silver penny in the name of Aethelred II, King of England 978–1016, of the Last Small Cross type and struck at Winchester by the moneyer Aelfwold. The issue is undated (ND) and generally dated c. 1009–1016, the final years of Aethelred’s reign. This specimen weighs 1.23 g and is graded XF/AU (Extremely Fine / About Uncirculated). Peck-marks are present.

Design: The obverse carries the royal bust and surrounding legend within an inner circle; the reverse shows the characteristic small cross pattée of the Last Small Cross type, with the moneyer and Winchester mint signature in the surrounding legend. The surfaces retain strong detail for the type, while the noted peck-marks record testing of the silver in circulation.

Historical context: The Last Small Cross was the final major coin type of Aethelred II and belongs to the period of renewed Viking pressure on England. Winchester was the principal royal centre and an important Anglo-Saxon mint. Named moneyers such as Aelfwold were responsible for producing the king’s pennies at the regional mints. Peck-marks are commonly understood as silver-quality tests made by traders, especially in northern and Baltic circulation.

Numismatic details: Silver penny (AR). Weight 1.23 g. Grade XF/AU. Undated (ND), Last Small Cross type, c. 1009–1016. Mint: Winchester. Moneyer: Aelfwold. A few peck-marks. Catalog: Spink 1154; North 777.

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