Struck with worn reverse dies, but with an excelle | Abbreviations
Sidon
28.00 mm
weight 27,45gr. | silver Ø 28mm.
obv. War-galley travelling left, propelled by row of oars shields along bulwarks, standard at stern, beneath lines of zig-zag waves, above Phoenician letter ″B″ rev. Bearded deity , his right hand raised, standing in horsedrawn car, slowly driven by charioteer | behind the King of Sidon walking left, holding animal-headed sceptre
Sidon was one of the two leading cities (with Tyre) of ancient Phoenicia. Sidon is located about 35 km. north of Tyre on the Mediterranean coast of modern Lebanon. History of the site goes back to the 4th millenium BC. The Kindom of Sidon started with Ba′al-hanunu I (1209-1197 BC) and ended with Ešmunšillah III (37-60 AD). Like Tyre, it was a commercial city and port for fleet of military ships and trading ships that went to all parts of the world of that time. The city was famous for the commercial exploitation of the purple (Murex). Sidon′s fortunes improved during the Persian period (539-332 BC). His coinage appears to have started in de second half of the fifth century BC and lasted until the Macedonian conquest in 332 BC. In 351 BC, on the enthronement of Artaxerxes III Ochus in Persia, Sidon revolted. King Tennes led Sidon in rebellion, but when the Persians reacted and the cause looked hopeless Tennes treacherously betrayed Sidon in order to save himself. The city was burned and, although rebuilt, did not regain its former position. Sidon quickly submitted to Alexander the Great in 332 BC and assisted him in the siege of Tyre. During the Hellenistic and Roman periods Sidon was a prosperous centre for commerce and learning.
The penteconter was an ancient Greek galley in use since the archaic period. In contrast to the ships of the Homeric poems, used to transport warriors to the battlefield, penteconters were designed to fight at sea. They had a heavy metal ram at the bow to pierce the hull of the enemy. Speed and maneuverability were key to their design. Naval historians reconstruct their design partly from written sources, from inscriptions, and from the visual arts. In present understanding, the fifty of the penteconter′s name refers to the number of oars on each side. They were arranged in two banks of twenty-five, one hundred oars in total. A midship mast with sail could also propel the ship under favorable wind. Penteconters were longer than merchant ships. They had a deck for carrying armored warriors (hoplite). According to some contemporary calculations, penteconters are believed to have been between 28 and 33 m long, approximately 4 m wide, and capable of reaching a top speed of 9 knots (17 km/h).
BMC 17-24 | SNG.Copenhagen 194 | Mitchiner ACW.132 | Elayi & Elayi 625 | Betlyon 16-18 | Rouvier 1096 | HGC 236 | Sear 5934R Struck with worn reverse dies, but with an excellent fine detailed obverse which shows us a beautiful Phoenician war galley. Rare historical coin. vf+/vf-
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