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EL 1/6 Stater 530-520 BC v. Chr. BITHYNIA, HERAKLEIA PONTIKA - or hekte, circa 530-520 BC vf
Munthandel G.Henzen 
10
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weight 2,58gr. | electrum Ø 10mm.
Phokaic standard
obv. Archaic head of youthful Herakles left, in lion-skin headdress
the lion skin has three rays emanating from its forehead and snout
rev. Quadripartite square incuse, the surfaces uneven
Traditionally, this coin type was always attributed to the city of Erythrai in Ionia. Recent studies by Wolfgang Fischer-Bossert have made this attribution obsolete. Today, Herakleia Pontika in Bithynia is considered the most likely mint for this coin type.
Herakleia Pontika, known in Byzantine and later times as Pontoheraclea, was an ancient city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor, at the mouth of the river Lykos. The site is now the location of the modern city Karadeniz Ereğli, in the Zonguldak Province of Turkey. The original name of the settlement is unknown, but it certainly dates back to the Late Bronze Age (1100-800 BC). Initially, the area was inhabited by the Thracian tribe of the Mariandynians. Apollonius of Rhodes stated that in the Argo Travel legend dated to the 12th century BC, the Mariandynians, the indigenous people of the region, gave the name of this hero to their city as an expression of gratitude, as they got rid of the pressure of the Bithynians with the help of Heracles. The Greek city of Herakleia Pontika was founded by the Greek city-state of Megara in approximately 560–558 BC and was named after Heracles who the Greeks believed entered the underworld at a cave on the adjoining Archerusian cape, 2 km northwest of the city. The colonists soon subjugated the native Mariandynians, but agreed to terms that none of the latter, now helot-like serfs, be sold into slavery outside their homeland. Herakleia Pontika, whose commercial power was based on the fertile lands cultivated by the Mariandynians and the naval fleet, was an important metropolitan city that could establish 41 city and village settlements, and was able to establish a local military force that could protect its independence against other city-states and even the Persian kingdom. Prospering from the rich, fertile adjacent lands and the sea-fisheries of its natural harbor, Herakleia soon extended its control along the coast as far east as Kytorus (Gideros, near Kide), eventually establishing Black Sea colonies of its own (Kytorus, Kallatis and Chersonesus). Herakleia Pontika produced a number of local historiographers such as Herodoros, Promathidas, Amphitheos, Nymphis, Domitius Kallistratos and Memnon. The city of Herakleia Pontika has played a role as one of the important naval powers in the region throughout the ages and has been influenced by other cities in the Black Sea region through economic activities and commercial relations such as maritime transport and trade with other colonies. It was the birthplace of the philosopher Heraklides Pontikus (387-312 BC), one of the important names in the history of the city, a philosopher and astronomer who was born and raised in Herakleia Pontika. He had gone to Athens in his youth and studied in the Academy founded by Plato. He was Plato′s student and suggested the theory of the Earth′s rotation around its own axis. Another person, Egyptian Krispos, is the world′s oldest pantomime artist who performed in Herakleia Pontika, lived and died there. In the third and second century BC the prosperous city was frequently plundered by the Galatians and Bithynians. Utterly it was destroyed in the Mithridatic Wars (88-63 BC). Then, Herakleia Pontika was part of the (Eastern) Roman Empire for more than 1000 years. The Turks ravaged the area after the Battle of Mantzikert in 1071. David Komnenos, brother of the ruler of Trebizond Alexios I of Trebizond, took Herakleia Pontika in 1205 and made it capital of his domain, called Paphlagonia he lost it in 1214 to Theodore I Laskaris, who made it a major frontier bulwark. The Genoese had a colony there after 1261. When the Turks conquered Paphlagonia in 1360, Genoa bought the city from the weakening Byzantine Empire. Heraklea developed as a trading centre of the Genoese, who settled there in large numbers. A ruined citadel on a height overlooking the town is a remnant of this period. The Italian name of the city was Pontarachia. The Genoese held the city until the Ottomans captured it after 1453.
Today, the ruins of the ancient city, can be seen in the city of Ereğli and in the surrounding villages, Cennetağzı caves, the ancient harbor under the sea, city walls, Horse Gate, Maiden′s Gate, Kaneri Gate, Herakleios Palace, Göztepe necropolis area, aqueducts, tumuli, Kaletepe ruins and observation tower, Mosaics and churches are among the important structures. BMC 7 (Erythrai) | SNG.Copenhagen- | SNG.München-
SNG.von Aulock 1942 (Erythrai) Weber 5908 (Erythrai)
Babelon, Traité Pl.5,1 (Erythrai) | McClean 8138 (Erythrai)
SNG.Tübingen- Boston MFA 1806 (Erythrai) | Sear -
SNG Kayhan 737–8 (Erythrai) Pozzi 2373-5 (Erythrai)
Fischer-Bossert, Electronhekten, Group 3, no. 13 R
Attractive, well centered specimen. Rare.
vf
Phokaic standard
obv. Archaic head of youthful Herakles left, in lion-skin headdress
the lion skin has three rays emanating from its forehead and snout
rev. Quadripartite square incuse, the surfaces uneven
Traditionally, this coin type was always attributed to the city of Erythrai in Ionia. Recent studies by Wolfgang Fischer-Bossert have made this attribution obsolete. Today, Herakleia Pontika in Bithynia is considered the most likely mint for this coin type.
Herakleia Pontika, known in Byzantine and later times as Pontoheraclea, was an ancient city on the coast of Bithynia in Asia Minor, at the mouth of the river Lykos. The site is now the location of the modern city Karadeniz Ereğli, in the Zonguldak Province of Turkey. The original name of the settlement is unknown, but it certainly dates back to the Late Bronze Age (1100-800 BC). Initially, the area was inhabited by the Thracian tribe of the Mariandynians. Apollonius of Rhodes stated that in the Argo Travel legend dated to the 12th century BC, the Mariandynians, the indigenous people of the region, gave the name of this hero to their city as an expression of gratitude, as they got rid of the pressure of the Bithynians with the help of Heracles. The Greek city of Herakleia Pontika was founded by the Greek city-state of Megara in approximately 560–558 BC and was named after Heracles who the Greeks believed entered the underworld at a cave on the adjoining Archerusian cape, 2 km northwest of the city. The colonists soon subjugated the native Mariandynians, but agreed to terms that none of the latter, now helot-like serfs, be sold into slavery outside their homeland. Herakleia Pontika, whose commercial power was based on the fertile lands cultivated by the Mariandynians and the naval fleet, was an important metropolitan city that could establish 41 city and village settlements, and was able to establish a local military force that could protect its independence against other city-states and even the Persian kingdom. Prospering from the rich, fertile adjacent lands and the sea-fisheries of its natural harbor, Herakleia soon extended its control along the coast as far east as Kytorus (Gideros, near Kide), eventually establishing Black Sea colonies of its own (Kytorus, Kallatis and Chersonesus). Herakleia Pontika produced a number of local historiographers such as Herodoros, Promathidas, Amphitheos, Nymphis, Domitius Kallistratos and Memnon. The city of Herakleia Pontika has played a role as one of the important naval powers in the region throughout the ages and has been influenced by other cities in the Black Sea region through economic activities and commercial relations such as maritime transport and trade with other colonies. It was the birthplace of the philosopher Heraklides Pontikus (387-312 BC), one of the important names in the history of the city, a philosopher and astronomer who was born and raised in Herakleia Pontika. He had gone to Athens in his youth and studied in the Academy founded by Plato. He was Plato′s student and suggested the theory of the Earth′s rotation around its own axis. Another person, Egyptian Krispos, is the world′s oldest pantomime artist who performed in Herakleia Pontika, lived and died there. In the third and second century BC the prosperous city was frequently plundered by the Galatians and Bithynians. Utterly it was destroyed in the Mithridatic Wars (88-63 BC). Then, Herakleia Pontika was part of the (Eastern) Roman Empire for more than 1000 years. The Turks ravaged the area after the Battle of Mantzikert in 1071. David Komnenos, brother of the ruler of Trebizond Alexios I of Trebizond, took Herakleia Pontika in 1205 and made it capital of his domain, called Paphlagonia he lost it in 1214 to Theodore I Laskaris, who made it a major frontier bulwark. The Genoese had a colony there after 1261. When the Turks conquered Paphlagonia in 1360, Genoa bought the city from the weakening Byzantine Empire. Heraklea developed as a trading centre of the Genoese, who settled there in large numbers. A ruined citadel on a height overlooking the town is a remnant of this period. The Italian name of the city was Pontarachia. The Genoese held the city until the Ottomans captured it after 1453.
Today, the ruins of the ancient city, can be seen in the city of Ereğli and in the surrounding villages, Cennetağzı caves, the ancient harbor under the sea, city walls, Horse Gate, Maiden′s Gate, Kaneri Gate, Herakleios Palace, Göztepe necropolis area, aqueducts, tumuli, Kaletepe ruins and observation tower, Mosaics and churches are among the important structures. BMC 7 (Erythrai) | SNG.Copenhagen- | SNG.München-
SNG.von Aulock 1942 (Erythrai) Weber 5908 (Erythrai)
Babelon, Traité Pl.5,1 (Erythrai) | McClean 8138 (Erythrai)
SNG.Tübingen- Boston MFA 1806 (Erythrai) | Sear -
SNG Kayhan 737–8 (Erythrai) Pozzi 2373-5 (Erythrai)
Fischer-Bossert, Electronhekten, Group 3, no. 13 R
Attractive, well centered specimen. Rare.
vf
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