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didrachm 343 v. Chr. PHOENICIA, TYRE (TYROS) - OZMILK (AZEMILKOS), ca. 349-333/2 BC - AR Shekel or regnal year 7 (343/342 BC) vf-
Munthandel G.Henzen 
10
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weight 8,49gr. | silver Ø 21mm.
reduced Tyrian light weight standard (close to Attic standard)
obv. Deity, holding reins and arched bow, riding hippocamp
right above two lines of waves below, dolphin right
rev. Owl standing right, head facing crook and flail in background
IIIII O above II (for ′Ozmilk′ and 7 (date) in Phoenician script) in right field
Ozmilk (Azemilkos in Greek) was the King of Tyre during its siege by Alexander the Great in 332 BC. Alexander had already peacefully taken Byblos and Sidon, and Tyre sent envoys to Alexander agreeing to do his bidding. His response was to declare that he wished to enter the city to sacrifice to Melqart, known to Alexander as the Tyrian Herakles. Azemilkos was with the Persian fleet at the time, and the Tyrians, unsure who would win the war, responded by saying that they would obey any other command but that neither Persians nor Macedonians could enter the city. Tyre was besieged and taken by Alexander, killing 8,000 inhabitants and selling 30,000 into slavery. When Alexander finally captured Tyre in July/August 332 BC, he granted clemency to Azemilkos, the magistrates, and the members of the Carthaginian delegation who had taken refuge in the temple of Melqart. Alexander would leave Azemilkos on the throne of a Tyre subordinate to Macedon. After Alexander the Great conquered Tyre 332 BC, the city alternated between Seleukid (Syrian Greek) and Ptolemaic (Egyptian Greek) rule. Phoenicia came under the rule of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. Azemilkos is mostly known by his coins, small silver staters featuring Melqart riding a hippocamp over the waves on one side and an owl with crook and the Phoenician letter Ayin (′O′) for Ozmilk surrounded by a series of Phoenician numbers indicating the year of his reign. There are at least 15 known years that these coins were minted between 347 BC and 332 BC, and are some of the earliest dated ancient coins that can be ascribed to a particular ruler.
Circa 346/5 BC Tyre again changed the weight standard of its coins, but retained the same design and control marking system. The new shekels weigh close to 8.8 grams. This is slightly heavier than the Attic didrachm of 8.70 grams. The Tyrians probably adopted the new weigh standard based on Athenian norms for both commercial and political reasons. The coinage is purely Tyrian and owes nothing to the norms of the Macedonian period. The new coin weight (c.8.8 gm) is close to two-thirds of the recent lighter weight Tyrian shekels (c.12.96gm.). The most likely occasion for adoption of the new Tyrian weight standard was during the Phoenician revolt promoted by Tennes of Sidon in 346/5 BC. Alexander′s siege of Tyre in 332 BC brought this phase of Tyrian coinage to an end. Some sholars have dated these coins after 332 BC, but that seems very unlikely.
BMC - (cf. 35) | cf. Babelon, Traité II, 1016 | HGC 10, no. 349
SNG.Copenhagen - (cf. 306-310) | cf. Mitchiner ATAEC 1293
DCA 2, 928 | Elayi & Elayi, Group II.2.1.18, 978 (O28/R40)
Sear - (cf. 5915) | Winterthur- (cf. 1100) R
Highly interesting historical coin type. Rare.
vf-
reduced Tyrian light weight standard (close to Attic standard)
obv. Deity, holding reins and arched bow, riding hippocamp
right above two lines of waves below, dolphin right
rev. Owl standing right, head facing crook and flail in background
IIIII O above II (for ′Ozmilk′ and 7 (date) in Phoenician script) in right field
Ozmilk (Azemilkos in Greek) was the King of Tyre during its siege by Alexander the Great in 332 BC. Alexander had already peacefully taken Byblos and Sidon, and Tyre sent envoys to Alexander agreeing to do his bidding. His response was to declare that he wished to enter the city to sacrifice to Melqart, known to Alexander as the Tyrian Herakles. Azemilkos was with the Persian fleet at the time, and the Tyrians, unsure who would win the war, responded by saying that they would obey any other command but that neither Persians nor Macedonians could enter the city. Tyre was besieged and taken by Alexander, killing 8,000 inhabitants and selling 30,000 into slavery. When Alexander finally captured Tyre in July/August 332 BC, he granted clemency to Azemilkos, the magistrates, and the members of the Carthaginian delegation who had taken refuge in the temple of Melqart. Alexander would leave Azemilkos on the throne of a Tyre subordinate to Macedon. After Alexander the Great conquered Tyre 332 BC, the city alternated between Seleukid (Syrian Greek) and Ptolemaic (Egyptian Greek) rule. Phoenicia came under the rule of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. Azemilkos is mostly known by his coins, small silver staters featuring Melqart riding a hippocamp over the waves on one side and an owl with crook and the Phoenician letter Ayin (′O′) for Ozmilk surrounded by a series of Phoenician numbers indicating the year of his reign. There are at least 15 known years that these coins were minted between 347 BC and 332 BC, and are some of the earliest dated ancient coins that can be ascribed to a particular ruler.
Circa 346/5 BC Tyre again changed the weight standard of its coins, but retained the same design and control marking system. The new shekels weigh close to 8.8 grams. This is slightly heavier than the Attic didrachm of 8.70 grams. The Tyrians probably adopted the new weigh standard based on Athenian norms for both commercial and political reasons. The coinage is purely Tyrian and owes nothing to the norms of the Macedonian period. The new coin weight (c.8.8 gm) is close to two-thirds of the recent lighter weight Tyrian shekels (c.12.96gm.). The most likely occasion for adoption of the new Tyrian weight standard was during the Phoenician revolt promoted by Tennes of Sidon in 346/5 BC. Alexander′s siege of Tyre in 332 BC brought this phase of Tyrian coinage to an end. Some sholars have dated these coins after 332 BC, but that seems very unlikely.
BMC - (cf. 35) | cf. Babelon, Traité II, 1016 | HGC 10, no. 349
SNG.Copenhagen - (cf. 306-310) | cf. Mitchiner ATAEC 1293
DCA 2, 928 | Elayi & Elayi, Group II.2.1.18, 978 (O28/R40)
Sear - (cf. 5915) | Winterthur- (cf. 1100) R
Highly interesting historical coin type. Rare.
vf-
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