AR Tetradrachm 491-478 BC v. Chr. SICILIA (SICILY), SYRACUSE - DEINOMENIDS - GELON, 491-478 BC - circa 480-475 BC cf. NAC 146, lot 2094 in about xf (SFR 14.000+ 22,
cf. NAC 146, lot 2094 in about xf (SFR 14.000+ 22, | Abbreviations
Gelon
25.00 mm
weight 16,96gr. | silver Ø 25mm.
obv. Slow quadriga driven right by charioteer, holding kentron and reins above, Nike flying right to crown horses. rev. Head of the water nymph Arethusa right, hair bound with diadem-shaped band in a krobylos, wearing necklace. Around, four dolphins swimming clockwise, around the text ΣYP - AK - OΣ - I - O И
Gelon was the son of Deinomenes. According to Herodotus, Gelon′s ancestors came from the island of Telos in the Aegean Sea and were the founders of the city of Gela in southern Sicily. Gelon fought in a number of the conflicts between the various tyrant kings of Sicily and earned a reputation as a formidable soldier. His performance was so impressive that he was promoted to be commander of the cavalry for his uncle Hippocrates, tyrant of Gela. From this position he played a key role in a number of battles, including one against Syracuse, a city which he himself would later conquer. But it was not until Hippocrates was killed in a battle with the native Sicel tribe of Sicily at Hybla that Gelon′s rise to power began. Upon Hippocrates′ death his sons retained the throne, but the common people were tired of this family′s rule and revolted. Gelon quelled the revolt on the pretext of helping Hippocrates′ sons gain power. Instead, he took power for himself with the help of the army in 491 BC and established the tyranny of the Deinomenids (491 – 466 BC), a family who controlled several Greek colonies located on the island of Sicily. The territory now under his control as tyrant included that of Gela, Naxos in the east, Zankle in the northeast, and Kamarina in the south.
The term ″Deinomenid″ derives from the name of Deinomenes, the father of Gelon, Hieron, Polyzalos, and Thrasyboulos. The patriarch of the Deinomenid family, however, is not responsible for the foundation of the Deinomenid tyranny. In the 6th century BC, Kleander, a member of the aristocratic class of Gela caused the downfall of the city′s oligarchy. He established the tyranny that was later handed down to his brother Hippokrates, whose ″vigorous and ruthless activities made him within seven years master of all eastern Sicily.″ Hippokrates was responsible for bringing various cities under his rule, such as Kallipolis, Leontini, Naxos, and Zankle. Gelon took up this already successful tyranny for himself after the death of Hippokrates and developed it, expanding the territory under his control. Kleander introduced the tyranny that the Deinomenids would later claim, while Hippokrates expanded this tyranny′s sphere of influence and was a model of bold ambition which Gelon and his brothers would later follow.
The slow quadriga had already been introduced as the standard obverse type for Syracusan tetradrachms by the end of the sixth or the beginning of the fifth century BC, but the head of Arethusa only evolved into a full reverse type in the early fifth century BC. Previously, if she was depicted at all, she appeared within a small circular punch in the center of a main incuse square reverse punch. However, once she had developed into a full type, she made a truly dramatic appearance, as can be seen from this attractive piece. The reverse features a large head of Arethusa so perfect in its Archaic style that it seems to have been engraved from an observation of a contemporary Kore statue. The head has been lovingly engraved and a distinctive almond-shaped facing eye that still retains its pupil. This coin marks the superlative beginning to the long tradition of depicting Arethusa on the reverse of Syracusan tetradrachms.
A pleasant portrait of late Archaic style and a lovely old cabinet tone. Rare.
cf. NAC 146, lot 2094 in about xf (SFR 14.000 + 22,5%)
cf. BMC 25-31 | Boehringer 186 | SNG.Copenhagen 618var. SNG.ANS.58-59 | cf. SNG. München 949 (same reverse die) | cf. Sear 913 HGC 2, 1306 R very attractive specimen with light iridescent tone vf+ à vf/xf
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